publications

2026

1. Preprint

   Model-Agnostic Fine-Grained Hallucination Detection in VLMs via QLoRA Approach with Soft, Calibrated Targets

   Ranjit Raut

   2026

   Bib

   @article{vlmhallucination2026article,
     title = {Model-Agnostic Fine-Grained Hallucination Detection in VLMs via QLoRA Approach with Soft, Calibrated Targets},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

2. Preprint

   LipiNet: A Lite Robust Architecture with Scaffold-Injected Dense Residual Networks and Gated Capsule Routing for Devanagari Handwritten Character Recognition

   Ranjit Raut, Aarav Subedi, and Ashim Shrestha

   2026

   Bib

   @article{lipinet2026article,
     title = {LipiNet: A Lite Robust Architecture with Scaffold-Injected Dense Residual Networks and Gated Capsule Routing for Devanagari Handwritten Character Recognition},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit and Subedi, Aarav and Shrestha, Ashim},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

3. Work in progress

   Towards the Incoming Path of Artificial Intelligence (TIPofAI)

   Ranjit Raut

   2026

   Bib

   @article{tipofai2026article,
     title = {Towards the Incoming Path of Artificial Intelligence (TIPofAI)},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

4. Work in progress

   Quantum for Artificial Intelligence

   Ranjit Raut

   2026

   Bib

   @article{quantum2026article,
     title = {Quantum for Artificial Intelligence},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

5. Work in progress

   Physics-informed Neural Networks

   Ranjit Raut

   2026

   Bib

   @article{pinn2026article,
     title = {Physics-informed Neural Networks},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

6. Work in progress

   World Models as Internal Maps of Physical and Virtual Spaces

   Ranjit Raut

   2026

   Bib

   @article{worldmodels2026article,
     title = {World Models as Internal Maps of Physical and Virtual Spaces},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

7. Work in progress

   Robot Dexterous Manipulation for Calligraphy

   Ranjit Raut

   2026

   Bib

   @article{roboai2026article,
     title = {Robot Dexterous Manipulation for Calligraphy},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

8. Work in progress

   Economy and Game Theory through Artificial Intelligence

   Ranjit Raut

   2026

   Bib

   @article{economyai2026article,
     title = {Economy and Game Theory through Artificial Intelligence},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

9. Work in progress

   LLM and Agents as an Operating System

   Ranjit Raut

   2026

   Bib

   @article{llmos2026article,
     title = {LLM and Agents as an Operating System},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

10. Work in progress

    Building and Evaluating Large Language Models for the Nepali Language

    Ranjit Raut

    2026

    Bib

    @article{bellm2026article,
      title = {Building and Evaluating Large Language Models for the Nepali Language},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

11. Work in progress

    SCARLET - Structured Computer Science Research Analysis and Reasoning via Vision-Language-Enhanced Transformer

    Ranjit Raut, Aarav Subedi, Sagun Rai, and Sudan Jha

    2026

    Bib

    @article{scarlet2026article,
      title = {SCARLET - Structured Computer Science Research Analysis and Reasoning via Vision-Language-Enhanced Transformer},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit and Subedi, Aarav and Rai, Sagun and Jha, Sudan},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

12. Work in progress

    3DFaceARC: 3D Face Reconstruction via Single-view 2D Scene using Graph Neural Networks

    Ranjit Raut, Aarav Subedi, Ashim Shrestha, Sijan Pandey, Safal Kumar Shrestha, and Harish Chandra Bhandari

    2026

    Bib

    @article{facearcs2026article,
      title = {3DFaceARC: 3D Face Reconstruction via Single-view 2D Scene using Graph Neural Networks},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit and Subedi, Aarav and Shrestha, Ashim and Pandey, Sijan and Shrestha, Safal Kumar and Bhandari, Harish Chandra},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

13. Work in progress

    SCAFFOLD: A Large-Scale Structured Dataset of Computer Science Research Figures with Diagram QA and Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Traces

    Ranjit Raut, Aarav Subedi, Sagun Rai, and Sudan Jha

    2026

    Bib

    @article{scaffold2026article,
      title = {SCAFFOLD: A Large-Scale Structured Dataset of Computer Science Research Figures with Diagram QA and Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Traces},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit and Subedi, Aarav and Rai, Sagun and Jha, Sudan},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

14. Work in progress

    Landslide Detection from Satellite Imagery Using Semantic Segmentation

    Ranjit Raut

    2026

    Bib

    @article{dms2026article,
      title = {Landslide Detection from Satellite Imagery Using Semantic Segmentation},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

15. Work in progress

    AēroStats - An Intelligent IoT-based Air Quality Monitoring System

    Ranjit Raut and Yajjyu Tuladhar

    2026

    Bib

    @article{airquality2026article,
      title = {AēroStats - An Intelligent IoT-based Air Quality Monitoring System},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit and Tuladhar, Yajjyu},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

16. Work in progress

    LEMMA: Low-Resource Cross-Lingual Voice Cloning, Synthesis, Recognition, and Translation

    Ranjit Raut and Aarav Subedi

    2026

    Bib

    @article{lwr2026article,
      title = {LEMMA: Low-Resource Cross-Lingual Voice Cloning, Synthesis, Recognition, and Translation},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit and Subedi, Aarav},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

17. Work in progress

    Enhancing Medical Imaging with Diffusion-Transformers (EMIT)

    Ranjit Raut

    2026

    Bib

    @article{emit2026article,
      title = {Enhancing Medical Imaging with Diffusion-Transformers (EMIT)},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

18. Work in progress

    Multimodal Sentiment Analysis through Self-Supervised Learning

    Ranjit Raut

    2026

    Bib

    @article{msa2026article,
      title = {Multimodal Sentiment Analysis through Self-Supervised Learning},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

19. Preprint

    Rethinking Handwritten Character Recognition

    Ranjit Raut, Aarav Subedi, and Ashim Shrestha

    2026

    Bib

    @article{thescript2026article,
      title = {Rethinking Handwritten Character Recognition},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit and Subedi, Aarav and Shrestha, Ashim},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

20. Preprint

    Benchmarking OCR Systems for Devanagari Nepali Text: Evaluating Accuracy and Efficiency

    Ranjit Raut

    2026

    Bib

    @article{ocr2026article,
      title = {Benchmarking OCR Systems for Devanagari Nepali Text: Evaluating Accuracy and Efficiency},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

21. IFIP

    Speculative AI Futures: Methodologies, Applications, and Critical Perspectives in Reimagining Human-AI Relations

    Ranjit Raut, Nimesh Timalsina, and Nishan Dahal

    2026

    Bib

    @article{seminar2026article,
      title = {Speculative AI Futures: Methodologies, Applications, and Critical Perspectives in Reimagining Human-AI Relations},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit and Timalsina, Nimesh and Dahal, Nishan},
      journal = {},
      volume = {},
      number = {},
      pages = {},
      year = {2026},
      publisher = {},
      url = {}
    }

22. HuggingFace

    Nepal Constitution Dataset

    Ranjit Raut

    2026

    Bib

    @misc{ranjitraut_nepal_constitution_dataset,
      title = {Nepal Constitution Dataset},
      publisher = {HuggingFace},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit},
      year = {2026},
      url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/ranjitraut/nepal-constitution-dataset}
    }

23. HuggingFace

    Nepal Section-wise Act Datasets

    Ranjit Raut

    2026

    Bib

    @misc{ranjitraut_nepal_section_wise_act_datasets,
      title = {Nepal Section-wise Act Datasets},
      publisher = {HuggingFace},
      author = {Raut, Ranjit},
      year = {2026},
      url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/ranjitraut/nepal-section-wise-act-datasets}
    }

2025

1. Preprint

   Nepali Legal Text Corpus (NLTC): A Large-Scale Dataset for Pretraining and Fine-Tuning Language Models on Nepali Legal Text

   Ranjit Raut

   2025

   Bib

   @article{ntlc2026article,
     title = {Nepali Legal Text Corpus (NLTC): A Large-Scale Dataset for Pretraining and Fine-Tuning Language Models on Nepali Legal Text},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

2. Preprint

   Domain Adaptation of Small Language Models through Continual Pre-Training on Nepali Jurisprudence

   Ranjit Raut

   2025

   Bib

   @article{slm2026article,
     title = {Domain Adaptation of Small Language Models through Continual Pre-Training on Nepali Jurisprudence},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

3. SSRN

   NepLEGIT: Nepali Legal Expertise Through Generative and Extractive Pre-Trained Transformers

   Ranjit Raut, Bhabuk Thapa, Tishya Dhakal, Prasiddha Koirala, Aaryan Shakya, and Bal Krishna Bal

   Social Science Research Network, 2025

   Bib

   @article{legit2026article,
     title = {NepLEGIT: Nepali Legal Expertise Through Generative and Extractive Pre-Trained Transformers},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit and Thapa, Bhabuk and Dhakal, Tishya and Koirala, Prasiddha and Shakya, Aaryan and Bal, Bal Krishna},
     journal = {Social Science Research Network},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {},
     url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=6324078}
   }

4. Preprint

   NepKANUN: A RAG-Based Nepali Legal Assistant

   Bhabuk Thapa, Prasiddha Koirala, Ranjit Raut, Sunil Regmi, and Bal Krishna Bal

   2025

   Bib

   @article{nepkanun2026article,
     title = {NepKANUN: A RAG-Based Nepali Legal Assistant},
     author = {Thapa, Bhabuk and Koirala, Prasiddha and Raut, Ranjit and Regmi, Sunil and Bal, Bal Krishna},
     journal = {},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {},
     url = {}
   }

5. SSRN

   Deep Reinforcement Learning For Mastering Asymmetric Strategies Of Baghchal

   Ranjit Raut, Aarav Subedi, Aaryan Shakya, Sagun Rai, and Manoj Shakya

   Social Science Research Network, 2025

   Bib

   @article{tigermove2025article,
     title = {Deep Reinforcement Learning For Mastering Asymmetric Strategies Of Baghchal},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit and Subedi, Aarav and Shakya, Aaryan and Rai, Sagun and Shakya, Manoj},
     journal = {Social Science Research Network},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {},
     url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5694603}
   }

6. Roboflow

   FutVAR Football Players Detection Dataset

   Ranjit Raut and Sagun Rai

   2025

   Bib

   @misc{futvar-football-players-detection-dataset_dataset,
     title = {FutVAR Football Players Detection Dataset},
     type = {Open Source Dataset},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit and Rai, Sagun},
     url = {https://universe.roboflow.com/ranjit-raut-do9me/futvar-football-players-detection-dataset},
     journal = {Roboflow Universe},
     publisher = {Roboflow},
     year = {2025},
     month = {},
     note = {},
   }

7. SSRN

   Futebol Video Analytics and Reporting System (FutVAR)

   Ranjit Raut, Sagun Rai, Bikash Kumar Sah, and Shree Krishna Acharya

   Social Science Research Network, 2025

   Bib

   @article{futvar2024article,
     title = {Futebol Video Analytics and Reporting System (FutVAR)},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit and Rai, Sagun and Sah, Bikash Kumar and Acharya, Shree Krishna},
     journal = {Social Science Research Network},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {},
     url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5348816}
   }

2024

1. SSRN

   One-Class Counterfeit Currency Classification Using Deep Support Vector Data Description

   Ranjit Raut and Aaryan Shakya

   Social Science Research Network, 2024

   Bib

   @article{occ2025article,
     title = {One-Class Counterfeit Currency Classification Using Deep Support Vector Data Description},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit and Shakya, Aaryan},
     journal = {Social Science Research Network},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2024},
     publisher = {},
     url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=6323799}
   }

2. Kaggle

   Nepali Currency High Resolution Image Datasets

   Ranjit Raut and Aaryan Shakya

   2024

   DOI Bib

   @misc{ranjit_raut_aaryan_shakya_2024,
     title = {Nepali Currency High Resolution Image Datasets},
     url = {https://www.kaggle.com/dsv/9668122},
     doi = {10.34740/KAGGLE/DSV/9668122},
     publisher = {Kaggle},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit and Shakya, Aaryan},
     year = {2024},
   }

3. IJICTDC

   Nepalese Currency Counterfeit Detection System

   Ranjit Raut, Aaryan Shakya, and Yagya Raj Pandeya

   International Journal of Information Communication Technology and Digital Convergence, 2024

   Bib

   @article{rauty2024article,
     title = {Nepalese Currency Counterfeit Detection System},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit and Shakya, Aaryan and Pandeya, Yagya Raj},
     journal = {International Journal of Information Communication Technology and Digital Convergence},
     volume = {9},
     number = {2},
     pages = {48-58},
     year = {2024},
   }

2023

1. Article

   Inside the Digital Revolution: How Cloud, Quantum, Blockchain, IoT, Robotics, and AI Are Transforming Industry 4.0

   Ranjit Raut

   Blog Article, 2023

   Bib

   @article{raut2023article,
     url = {https://wesurftheknowledge.blogspot.com/search/label/Technology},
     title = {Inside the Digital Revolution: How Cloud, Quantum, Blockchain, IoT, Robotics, and AI Are Transforming Industry 4.0},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {Blog Article},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2023},
   }

2022

1. Article

   Understanding the Hierarchy: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Demystified

   Ranjit Raut

   Blog Article, 2022

   Bib

   @article{raut2022article,
     url = {https://wesurftheknowledge.blogspot.com/search/label/Technology},
     title = {Understanding the Hierarchy: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Demystified},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {Blog Article},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2022},
   }

2021

1. Article

   Digital Assets, Immersive Reality, and Security: Exploring NFTs, AR/VR, Cybersecurity, and Open Source

   Ranjit Raut

   Blog Article, 2021

   Bib

   @article{raut2021article,
     url = {https://wesurftheknowledge.blogspot.com/search/label/Technology},
     title = {Digital Assets, Immersive Reality, and Security: Exploring NFTs, AR/VR, Cybersecurity, and Open Source},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {Blog Article},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2021},
   }

2020

1. Article

   From Kernels to Code to Indexes: A Dive into Operating Systems, Programming, and Search Engines

   Ranjit Raut

   Blog Article, 2020

   Bib

   @article{raut2020article,
     url = {https://wesurftheknowledge.blogspot.com/search/label/Technology},
     title = {From Kernels to Code to Indexes: A Dive into Operating Systems, Programming, and Search Engines},
     author = {Raut, Ranjit},
     journal = {Blog Article},
     volume = {},
     number = {},
     pages = {},
     year = {2020},
   }